#38 Japanese verb ~ Future form ~

2019. 2. 1

Hi everyone.

How are you?

It's kÜshi.

Japanese verbs is one of the hardest grammars of

Japanese because of its changing.

So I'm trying to organize them so that you can study

easier.

Today I explain about the future form.

This is very easy, but sometimes confusing because

of the simpleness.

I hope this helps you.

🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵

~ Future form ~

To our surprise, Japanese doesn't have the future form!

Oh... I can guess what you think, "so how can I tell

about the future??"

Japanese doesn't have the future form, but can tell

about the future.

It not unique to Japanese, but Chinese has the

future form as well nor even the past form.

But we can talk with no problem.

We use "normal form" to tell about the future like

"I go to there tomorrow".

That sounds strange but you can get the meaning, right?

So there's no problem without future form.

For example:

・明日 する
/ashita suru/
... I'll do it tomorrow

→する means to do.

・今 する
/Ima suru/
... I'll do it now

・そこ 行く？
/soko i-ku?/
...Are you going there?

→そこ means ''there"
→行く means to go.

・これ食べる？
/kore ta-beru?/
...Will you eat this?

So it means like "Do you want to eat it?"

→これ means "this"
→食べる means to eat.

That's very simple!

All you have to do is remember normal form of verbs.

~ Exercise for Practic ~

Translate the following sentences:

1. 今日 勉強する
/kyou ben-kyou-suru/

Tips:
今日 means today
勉強する means to study.

2. その 映画 見る？
/sono ei-ga mi-ru?/

Tips:
その means "the"
映画 means "movie"
見る means "to see/watch"

3. いつ そこ 行く の？
/itsu soko i-ku no?/

Tips:
いつ means "when"
そこ means "there"
行く means "to go"
の makes soft interrogative form.

4. 明日そこに行くよ
/ashita soko ni i-ku yo/

Tips:
明日 means tomorrow
よ makes normal sentences soft.

~ Answers ~

1. I'm going to study today

2. Will you watch the movie?

3. When will you go there?

4. I'll go there tomorrow

That's all today.

Thank you so much for reading.

Ask me if you have any questions.

See you next time!

I'm organizing Japanese verbs👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/18/162334

#37 Japanese verb. ~ The usage of past form ~

2019. 1. 31

Hi everyone.

How are you?

It's kÜshi.

I explained how to make past and complete form

in the last time.

So today I explain how to use the form.

It's not really "past" form.

You'd understand that in the end.

So let's go!

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The past and complete form is usually translated as

"I've already done" or as just a past form.

It depends on the situation.

But the range of the usage is wider than English.

For example,

・この 映画 見た？
/kono ei-ga mi-ta?/
...Have you watched this movie yet?
...Did you watched this movie?

→この means "this"

→映画 means "movie"

→見た is a complete and past form of 見る, which means to watch/see

・これ を 作った
/kore o tsuku-tta/
... I've already made this
...I made this

→これ means "this''

→作った is a complete and past form of 作る,
which means to make.

・本 を 読んだ
/hon o yo-mda/
... I've already read the book
...I read the book (past form)

→本 means "a book"

→読んだ is a complete and past form of 読む, which means to read

・彼は日本に行った
/kare wa ni-hon ni i-tta/
...He has already gone to Japan
...He went to Japan

→彼 means "he"

→日本に means "to Japan"

→行った is a complete and past form of 行く, which means to go.

As you can see, there's no difference between

complete form and past form.

So it's simple but it's sometimes confusing because

of its simpleness.

You would wonder which from should be translated to.

To make difference between the complete form and

past form, you can use the word もう.

If you say もう in the sentence, you can make the

complete form.

For example:
Compare with the sentences above.

・もうこの映画見た？
/mou kono ei-ga mita?/
...Have you watched this movie?

・もうこれ作った
/mou kore tsuku-tta/
... I've already made this

・もう本読んだ
/mou hon yo-mda/
... I've already read the book

・もう彼は日本に行った
/mou kare wa ni-hon ni i-tta/
...He has already gone to Japan.

That's simple!

もう can be put anywhere like this:

もう彼は日本に行った
彼はもう日本に行った
彼は日本にもう行った

but this is strange for some reason:

彼は日本に行ったもう

So this is the basically usage of past and complete form.

All you have to do is get used to it, so don't hurry to

remember perfectly.

Exercises for practice.

Translate the following sentences:

1. 夜ご飯食べた
/yoru-go-han ta-beta/

Tips:
夜ご飯... dinner
食べた… made from 食べる, which means to eat

2. もう宿題した？
/mou shuku-dai shita?/

Tips:
宿題…homework
した...made from する, which means to do

3. そのテレビ見た？
/sono terebi mi-ta?/

Tips:
テレビ...TV
見た...made from 見る, which means to see/watch

テレビを見る means to watch something on TV, not

to watch the TV.

4. 充分した
/juu-bun shita/

Tips:
充分… enough

5. 公園に行った？
/kou-en ni i-tta?/

Tips:
公園…a park
行った...made from 行く, which means to go

~ Answer ~

1.
I had dinner.
I've already had dinner

2.
Have you done your homework yet?

3.
Did you watch that on TV?
Have you watched that on TV yet?

4.
I did enough
I've already done enough

5.
Did you go to the park?
Have you gone to the park yet? (On the phone, for instance)

The second English sounds a little strange, right?

Actually we don't usually say 公園に行った？ to

mean "have you gone to the park yet?", but say

"もう公園にいる？", which means "are you in the

park yet?"

Os that's all today.

Thank you so much for reading!

Ask me if you have any questions.

I hope this helps you.

See you next time!

#36 Japanese verb. ~ Past and complete form ~

2019. 1. 26

Hi everyone.

Thank you for coming here.

It's kÜshi.

Japanese verbs have very confusing changes, and

that is one of the most tough grammars of

Japanese.

So I've been spending time to organize Japanese

verbs recently, so please wait a week to study

Japanese culture here.

So today, I explain about the past and complete form.

The changing is confusing, so today I explain it

only. I'll explain the usage next time.

I hope you like this.

🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵

Past and complete form ~ I've already done ~

This means not two forms.

Actually, Japanese doesn't use different the two forms.

Japanese verbs are divided into as many as 7 parts.

And the past and complete form depends on them.

Each verb ends like this:

〜る
〜う
〜つ
〜す
〜く
〜む
〜ぶ

But don't worry, the first three are in the same group.

And the last two are, too.

So let's see how they're changed.

〜る→った
〜う→った
〜つ→った
〜す→した
〜く→いた
〜む→んだ
〜ぶ→んだ

You may have seen that you can make the past and

complete form by putting た, but it's not really right.

The other parts are changed, too.

In fact, there're some theories but I don't tell that

here not to make you confused.

So let's see some examples!

つくる→つくった
とる→とった
ほる→ほった

あらう→あらった
かう→かった
いう→いった

たつ→たった
まつ→まった
もつ→もった　

かす→かした
おす→おした
ほす→ほした

かく→かいた
とく→といた
たたく→たたいた

よむ→よんだ
たたむ→たたんだ
かむ→かんだ

とぶ→とんだ
はこぶ→はこんだ
あそぶ→あそんだ

They are more simple than you expected, aren't they?

But there're some exceptions.

・する
/suru/
...to do

This is the type "〜る" but changes to した/shita/

・くる
/kuru/
...to come

This changes to きた/kita/

・みる
/miru/
...to see

This changes to みた/mita/

・Some verbs whoes second vowel from the end are "E" and also end with る.

Many of them changes to "〜た", not "〜った"

おしえる /oshiEru/
→おしえた

かんがえる/kangaEru/
→かんがえた

しめる/shimEru/
→しめた

あける/akEru/
→あけた

でる/dEru/
→でた

・Some verbs whoes second vowel are "i" and end with "る"

Many of them change to "〜た", not "〜った"

みる/miru/
→みた

おちる/ochiru/
→おちた

かりる/kariru/
→かりた

おきる/okiru/
→起きた

That's all explanations.

Thank you so much for reading.

If there were not any exceptions, the rule is very

simple....

So you don't have to hurry to remember all right now.

To begin with, remember the basically changes.

Ask me if you have any questions!

See you next time!

~ Exercises to Practice ~

Make them be past and complete form.

1. やる
2. はる
3. いう
4. たつ
5. うつす
6. はがす
7. まつ
8. ける
9. たべる
10. ねる
11. しゃべる
12. する
13. くる
14. とぶ
15. よむ
16. かく
17. きく
18. みる

~ Answer ~

1. やった
Type "〜る"

2. はった
Type "〜る"

3. いった
Type "〜う"

4. たった
Type "〜つ"

5. うつした
Type "〜す"

6. はがした
Type "〜す"

7. まった
Type "〜つ"

8. けった
Type "〜る"

9. たべた
One of the exceptions. It's not たべった
tabEru/→/tabeTa/

10. ねた
One of the exceptions. It's not ねった

11. しゃべった
Type "〜る"
This is not included in the exception.

12. した
This is an exception.
Not "すった"

13. きた
This is an exception.
Not "くった"

14. とんだ
Type "〜ぶ"

15. よんだ
Type "〜ぶ"

16. かいた
Type "〜く"

17. きいた
Type "〜く"

18. みた
This is an exception.
Not "みった"

Interrogative form👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/21/065726

The usage of complete and past form👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/31/062722

#35 Japanese verbs. ~ Interrogative form ~

2019.1. 21

Hi everyone.

How are you?

It's kÜshi.

Thank you for coming here.

Verb is one of the most tough grammars of

Japanese because it has to be changed its form.

So I'm trying to organize Japanese verbs.

And one of what I've made is this.

I hope this helps you a lot.

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Interrogative form ~ Do you eat? ~

This is difficult because of postpositions.

I wonder you know them because English doesn't

have them, right?

Postpositions are called 助詞/jo-shi/ in Japanese

and it's put at the end of sentences and make the

sentences strong, cool, friendly, soft, childish, angry,

manly and feminine.

It is very tough to learn because they all can't be

remember and you have to just feel.

I'll show you some 助詞 later.

So I explain how to make Interrogative form for 3 seconds.

You can make it by putting "?'' at the end of

sentences.

That's simple!!

For example,

・宿題 を した
/shuku-dai o shita/
…I've already done my homework.

→宿題した？
/shuku-dai shita?/
...Havr you done your homework yet?

した is the past and complete form of する, which

means "to do".

And this isn't a so important rule, but を can be

sometimes omitted like 宿題した, but not always.

This is for seniors so you don't have to hurry to

learn the rule right now.

Of course, you can also say 宿題をした？

As you can see, you can make the interrogative

form by just putting "?".

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Then I explain about 助詞/jo-shi/

There're many 助詞:

か, の, よ, ぜ, さ, もん, ね, な, し, ぞ and わ.

These are 助詞 which are put at the end of

sentences and change the sounds of them.

I'll make an article to explain all of them someday,

so today I explain か and の, which are used in

interrogative sentences.

か makes sentences sound formal, strong and sometimes arrogant.

の makes sentences sound soft and friendly.

For example,

・宿題したか？
/shuku-dai shita ka?/
...have you done your homework yet?

This sounds like a strict father asks his child with a

little anger.

・宿題したの？
/shuku-dai shita no?/
...have you done your homework yet?

This sounds a friend, or a gentle mother asks.

This is just one image, so father can also say 　

宿題したの？

助詞 is so deep that you can't "remember" them, so

feel them.

Getting used to is one of the strongest friends in

studying languages, I believe.

~ Exercises for practice ~

Feel the following sentences with your body.

1. ご飯食べたか？
/go-han ta-beta ka?/

Tips:
ご飯 means a meal

食べた is a past and complete form of 食べる,
which means to eat.

2. これ見る？
/kore mi-ru?/

Tips:
これ means "this"

見る means to see.

3. そこ行くの？
/soko i-ku no?/

Tips:
そこ means "there"

行く means to go.

~ Answer ~👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉

1. Have you had the meal yet?

That sounds strong and is felt a little anger.

If you say "no", you'd be said "eat, hurry"

2. Will you see this?

That is very normal. The sound depends on all of

your tone.

見る is normal form, but it means about future.

This is one of the unique Japanese grammars.

3. Are you going there?

That sounds friendly.

If you say "yes", you might be said "me too~~!"

行く is normal form and it means about future.

I'll explain this in another article!

So that's all today.

Thank you so much for reading.

Ask me if you have any questions.

I hope this helps you a lot.

See you next time!!

About verbs👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/20/073649

#34 Japanese Verbs. Negative form.~ More and more detail~

2019. 1. 20

Hi everyone.

How's it going?

It's kÜshi.

Thank you for coming here.

Japanese verbs have very confusing changes, and

that is one of the most tough grammars of

Japanese.

So I've been spending time to organize Japanese

verbs recently, so please wait a week to study

Japanese culture here.

So today, I explain about two forms: negative form

and in detail as much as I can.

I hope you like this.

🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵

Negative form ~ I don't do that ~

You can make the negative form with two steps.

1. Changing the end vowel of verbs to "a", "e", and sometimes "i"

2. Putting ない after that

No.2 looks very easy and it really is.

But No.1 is a little troublesome because it has three

types. So i explain about No.1 in detail.

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The most often used one is type "a".

For example,

・書く
/ka-ku/
...to write

→書かない
/ka-kA nai/
...not to write

See, the end vowel of the verb is changed to "a"

from "u", and then ない is put after that.

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If you find "e" in second vowel from the end.

I can see through your brain fulled of "?"

So for example,

・捨てる
/su-tEru/
...to throw away

You can find "e" in the second vowel from the end, right?

When you make this kind of verbs be negative, you

just remove る and put ない after that.

That's very simple.

For example,

・捨てる
/su-tEru/
...to throw away

→捨てない
/su-tE nai/
...not to throw away

・食べる
/ta-bEru/
...to eat

→食べない
/ta-bE nai/
...not to eat

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Finally, type "i".

All verbs you should know are only four:

する/suru/...to do

見る/mi-ru/...to see

着る/ki-ru/...to wear

閉じる/to-jiru/...to close

The first two verbs must be remember because we

often use them.

When you make them be negative, you remove る

and change the vowel at the end to "i"

Like this:

する
/suru/
...to do

→しない
/shi nai/

See, you first remove る like す/su/, and then

change the vowel at the end to "i" like し/si/.

And put ない after that like しない.

This is the negative form of する, which means ''not

to do"

Othes:

・見る
/mi-ru/
...to see

→見ない
/mi-nai/
...not to see

・着る
/ki-ru/
...to wear

→着ない
/ki-nai/
...not to wear

・閉じる
/to-jiru/
...to close

→閉じない
/to-ji nai/
...not to close

Be careful when you find these four verbs.

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Oops, I have one strong exception!!

That is 来る/ku-ru/, which mean "to come"

Its negative form is 来ない/kO-nai/

I'm afraid there's no rule or reason.

So just remember that.

That's all today.

Thank you so much for reading.

Ask me if you have any questions.

I hope this helps you.

Exercises:

Make them be negative:

1. 書く
/ka-ku/
...to write

2. 飲む
/no-mu/
...to drink

3. やめる
/yameru/
...to stop, to give up

4. 作る
/tsuku-ru/
...to make

5. 見る
/mi-ru/
...to see

6. 勉強する
/ben-kyou suru/
...to study

7. 寝る
/ne-ru/
...to sleep

~ Answers ~

1. 書かない
/ka-ka nai/

This is type "a"

You just change the last vowel to "a", ok?

2. 飲まない
/no-ma nai/

This is type "a"

3. やめない
/yame nai/

This is type "e" because the second vowel from the

end is "e", right?

4. 作らない
/tsuku-ra nai/

This is type "a"

5. 見ない
/mi-nai/

Did you remember that?

This is type "i"

6. 勉強しない
/ben-kyou shi nai/

This is a little different.

勉強する can be divided into two parts: 勉強 and

する.

勉強 means "studying" and する means "to do".

So 勉強する means like "to do studying" and it

means "to study".

Japanese has this kind of verbs much.

感謝する
/kan-sha suru/
…to thank

運転する
/un-ten suru/
...to drive

反撃する
/han-geki suru/
...to protest

無視する
/mu-shi suru/
...to ignore

When you make them be negative, you just change

する to しない.

Did you remember that する is type "i"

7. 寝ない
/ne-nai/

This is type "e"

Thank you ~

#33 A Festival of Verbs ~ Part 2 ~

2019. 1. 19

Hi everyone.

How are you~

It's kÜshi.

Thank you for coming here.

Japanese verbs' changing is so confusing that it

can be one of the most tough grammars of

Japanese.

So I'm organizing them so that you can study easier.

I hope you like this.

🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵

The list of today's change:

1. Interrogative form
2. Strong imperative form
3. Soft and polite imperative form

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1. Interrogative form ~ Do you eat this? ~

You can make the interrogative form by putting "?"

at the end of sentences.

But Japanese has so many postpositions called

助詞/jo-shi/, such as の, か, な, さ, ぜ, よ, ね, もん.

They are used to make sentences soft, strong,

friendly, cool, cute and so on.

They must be very unique to Japanese.

And some of them are used in interrogative

sentences.

We often use の and か.
　

For example,

・食べる
/ta-beru/
...to eat

→食べる？
/ta-beru?/
...do you eat?

→食べるの？... sounds soft and friendly
/ta-beru no?/
...do you eat?

→食べるか？... sounds a little strong and formal
/ta-beru ka?/
...do you eat?

・する
/suru/
...to do

→する？
/suru?/
...do you do?

→するの？
/suru no?/
...do you do?

→するか？
/suru ka?/

More detail👇https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/21/065726

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2. Strong imperative form ~ Do it! ~

Strong imperative form has two types: one has "e"

at ends of verbs and another has "o" at ends of

verbs.

The rule to find out which should be used:

"E" is put after "a" and "o"

"O" is put after "e" and "i"

Omg, this is so confusing!!

So you don't have to hurry to remember all.

All you have to do is get used to it.

So I show you some examples,

・食べる
/ta-beru/
...to eat

→食べろ
/ta-bErO/
...eat!

"O" is put after "E", right?

・見る
/mi-ru/
...to see

→見ろ
/mi-rO/
...see!

"O" is put after "i"

・読む
/yo-mu/
...to read

→読め
/yO-mE/
...read!!

"E" is put after "O"

・書く
/ka-ku/
...to write

→書け
/kA-kE/
... write!

"E" is put after "A"

🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵

3. Soft and polite imperative form ~ do it please ~

Soft imperative form also has two types.

One has て下さい at ends of verbs, and another has

just て.

As you can guess, て is made from て下さい by

omitting 下さい, so て sounds more casual than 　

て下さい.

For example:

・書く
/ka-ku/
...to write

→書いて(下さい)
/ka-i te (kuda-sai)/
... please write

・する
/suru/
...to do

→して(下さい)
/shi te (kuda-sai)/
... please do

・見る
/mi-ru/
...to see

→見て(下さい)
/mi- te (kuda-sai)/
... please see

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That's all explanations!

So let's practice with exercises!!

Translate these into English:

1. 宿題 し た の？
/shuku-dai shi ta no?/

Tips:
→宿題 means homework

→した is made from する and it meams " one has already done"

2. 宿題をしろ
/shuku-dai o shiro/

Tips:
しろ is made from する

3. 名前を書いて下さい
/na-mae o ka-i te kuda-sai/

Tips:
名前 means "a name"

Answers~

1. Have you already done your homework?

の？ is put at the end, so it sounds friendly.

2. Do your homework!

3. Please write down your name.

て下さい makes the sentence polite.

So that's all today!

Thank you so much for reading!

Actually the imperative form has some exceptions!

So I'll explain about it as soon as possible!

Ask me if you have any questions.

See you next time~

A Festival of Verbs ~ Part 1 ~👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/18/162334

#32 A Festival of verbs!! ~ Part 1~

2019.1. 18

Hi everyone.

How are you?

It's kÜshi.

Thank you for coming here.

Today you can study a little different Japanese from

usual.

I was requested to show and explain all the

Japanese verbs' forms.

So today I do that.

I'm always welcome your requests!

Changing the forms of Japanese verbs is not so

easy because there're many exceptions and

sometimes there's no rule.

So before studying about verbs, I have to say that

ultimately all you have to do is get used to it.

This thinking is good for other languages too.

You can't get a language without getting used to it.

All right, so let's go!!

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List of basically Japanese verbs' forms:
( I explain each form in detail later )

1. Normal form: ~u
食べる/ta-berU/
...to eat

2. Past form: ~ta
食べた/ta-be TA/
...ate

3. Progressive form: ~teiru
食べている/ta-be TEIRU/
...to be eating

4. Negative form: ~nai
食べない/ta-be NAI/
...not to eat

5. Future form: 食べる...oh! It's same as the normal form

Actually Japanese doesn't have the future form like

"will".

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So I explain them in detail.

1. Normal form: ~u
食べる/ta-berU/
...to eat

Actually we don't use this form.

But so does English, I think.

I wonder do you usually say "I eat this"?

I have no idea what situation it is.

We don't use that form alone, but use that with

some nouns.

For example,

・食べること
/ta-beru koto/
...the action of eating

→こと is an abstract noun, but it's a great noun,

because it means all of things which can't be seen

like the action.

If you put a noun after the normal form berb, "of",

"to" or "for" can be seen between them.

So 食べること means "the action OF eating"

Another example,

・食べるもの
/ta-beru mono/
... things to eat

→もの is also a great noun because it means all of

things which can be seen.

So 食べるもの means "things TO eat"

This is how the normal form is used.

About こと and もの👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/02/04/060302

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2. Past form: ~ta
食べた/ta-be TA/
...ate

I think English is a perfect language because it has

the perfect form like "I've done that"... isn't it?

Actually Japanese doesn't have that form.

We use the past form as well to mean perfect tense.

For example,

・食べた
/ta-be TA/
... I've (already) eaten it, I are it.

・見た
/mi-TA/
...I saw

"I've already seen" is clearly strange, so it means

just "I saw"

・した
/shiTA/
... I've (already) done it, I did it

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3. Progressive form: ~ている
食べている/ta-be TEIRU/
...to be eating

This can be used in the same way as English.

For example,

・読む
/yo-mu/
...to read

→読んでいる
/yo-m DEIRU/
…to be reading

・見る
/mi-ru/
...to see

→見ている
/mi-TEIRU/
...to be seeing

・する
/suru/
...to do

→している
/shi TEIRU/
...to be doing

・書く
/ka-ku/
...to write

→書いている
/ka-iTEIRU/
...to be writing

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4. Negative form: ~ない

You can make the negative form basically by

putting ない after verbs, but you also have to

change the verbs' forms, themselves.

For example,

・食べる
/ta-beru/
...to eat

→食べない
/ta-be NAI/
...not to eat

・書く
/ka-ku/
...to write

→書かない
/ka-ka NAI/
...not to write

・走る
/hashi-ru/
...to run

→走らない
/hashi-ra NAI/
...not to run

・読む
/yo-mu/
...to read

→読まない
/yo-ma NAI/
...not to read

・する
/suru/
...to do

→しない
/shi NAI/
...not to do

・切る
/ki-ru/
...to cut

→切らない
/ki-ra NAI/
...not to cut

・作る
/tsuku-ru/
...to make

→作らない
/tsuku-ra NAI/
.. not to make

・泣く
/na-ku/
...to cry

→泣かない
/na-ka NAI/
...not to cry

・歩く
/aru-ku/
...to walk

→歩かない
/aru-ka NAI/

As you can see, you change the end of verbs to "A"

from "U"

About negative form more detail👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/20/073649

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5. Future form

This must be a very surprising and interesting fact

that Japanese doesn't have the future form.

We use the normal form instead.

Do you remember that the normal form isn't usually

used alone, but strictly speaking, it's wrong.

The normal form is usually used alone to mean

about the future.

For example,

・公園 に 行く
/kou-en ni i-ku/
... I'm going to the park

→公園 meams "the park"
→行く is a normal form which means to go

・明日 映画 を 見る
/ashita eo-ga o mi-ru/
…I will watch a movie tomorrow

→明日 means tomorrow
→映画 means a movie
→見る is a normal form which means to see

Chinese doesn't also have the future form, nor even

the past form!!

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That's all explanations.

So practice with some exercises.

Translate following sentences into Japanese.

1. する こと が ない
/suru koto ga nai/

Tips:
する means "to do"
が means "is"
ない means "there's no~" or ''not to exist"

2. 勉強 し ない の？
/ben-kyou shi nai no/

Tips:
勉強する means "to study"
の？ is put at the end of a sentence and makes it interrogative

3. なにしているの？
/nani shi teiru no/

Tips:
なに means "what"

4. 勉強したの？
/ben-kyou shi ta no/

5. 明日勉強するの？
/ashita ben-kyou suru no/

Tips: 明日 means tomorrow

ANSWER👇
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1. I have nothing to do

👉する means to do
👉こと means all things which CAN'T seen
👉すること means something to do
👉ない means "there's no~" or "not to exist"

So することがない means like "there's no things to

do" and it means "I have nothing to do"

2. Don't you study?

👉勉強する means "to study"
👉勉強しない is a negative form of 勉強する
👉の？ is put at the end of an interrogative sentence.

So 勉強しないの？ means "don't you study?"

3. What are you doing?

👉なに means "what"
👉している is a progressive form of する.

4. Did you study?

👉勉強した is a past form of 勉強した

5. Will you study tomorrow?

👉明日 means tomorrow
👉する is a normal form and means about the future.

So that's all today.

Thank you so much for reading.

Ask me if you have any questions.

I hope this helps you.

See you next time~

A Festival of Verbs ~Part 2 ~
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/19/071928

Negative form👇https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/20/073649

Past and complete form👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/26/055614

Future form👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/02/01/055152

Progressive form👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/02/02/060244

I'm organizing Japanese verbs.