#36 Japanese verb. ~ Past and complete form ~
2019. 1. 26
Hi everyone.
Thank you for coming here.
It's kÜshi.
Japanese verbs have very confusing changes, and
that is one of the most tough grammars of
Japanese.
So I've been spending time to organize Japanese
verbs recently, so please wait a week to study
Japanese culture here.
So today, I explain about the past and complete form.
The changing is confusing, so today I explain it
only. I'll explain the usage next time.
I hope you like this.
🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
Past and complete form ~ I've already done ~
This means not two forms.
Actually, Japanese doesn't use different the two forms.
Japanese verbs are divided into as many as 7 parts.
And the past and complete form depends on them.
Each verb ends like this:
〜る
〜う
〜つ
〜す
〜く
〜む
〜ぶ
But don't worry, the first three are in the same group.
And the last two are, too.
So let's see how they're changed.
〜る→った
〜う→った
〜つ→った
〜す→した
〜く→いた
〜む→んだ
〜ぶ→んだ
You may have seen that you can make the past and
complete form by putting た, but it's not really right.
The other parts are changed, too.
In fact, there're some theories but I don't tell that
here not to make you confused.
So let's see some examples!
つくる→つくった
とる→とった
ほる→ほった
あらう→あらった
かう→かった
いう→いった
たつ→たった
まつ→まった
もつ→もった
かす→かした
おす→おした
ほす→ほした
かく→かいた
とく→といた
たたく→たたいた
よむ→よんだ
たたむ→たたんだ
かむ→かんだ
とぶ→とんだ
はこぶ→はこんだ
あそぶ→あそんだ
They are more simple than you expected, aren't they?
But there're some exceptions.
・する
/suru/
...to do
This is the type "〜る" but changes to した/shita/
・くる
/kuru/
...to come
This changes to きた/kita/
・みる
/miru/
...to see
This changes to みた/mita/
・Some verbs whoes second vowel from the end are "E" and also end with る.
Many of them changes to "〜た", not "〜った"
おしえる /oshiEru/
→おしえた
かんがえる/kangaEru/
→かんがえた
しめる/shimEru/
→しめた
あける/akEru/
→あけた
でる/dEru/
→でた
・Some verbs whoes second vowel are "i" and end with "る"
Many of them change to "〜た", not "〜った"
みる/miru/
→みた
おちる/ochiru/
→おちた
かりる/kariru/
→かりた
おきる/okiru/
→起きた
That's all explanations.
Thank you so much for reading.
If there were not any exceptions, the rule is very
simple....
So you don't have to hurry to remember all right now.
To begin with, remember the basically changes.
Ask me if you have any questions!
See you next time!
~ Exercises to Practice ~
Make them be past and complete form.
1. やる
2. はる
3. いう
4. たつ
5. うつす
6. はがす
7. まつ
8. ける
9. たべる
10. ねる
11. しゃべる
12. する
13. くる
14. とぶ
15. よむ
16. かく
17. きく
18. みる
~ Answer ~
1. やった
Type "〜る"
2. はった
Type "〜る"
3. いった
Type "〜う"
4. たった
Type "〜つ"
5. うつした
Type "〜す"
6. はがした
Type "〜す"
7. まった
Type "〜つ"
8. けった
Type "〜る"
9. たべた
One of the exceptions. It's not たべった
tabEru/→/tabeTa/
10. ねた
One of the exceptions. It's not ねった
11. しゃべった
Type "〜る"
This is not included in the exception.
12. した
This is an exception.
Not "すった"
13. きた
This is an exception.
Not "くった"
14. とんだ
Type "〜ぶ"
15. よんだ
Type "〜ぶ"
16. かいた
Type "〜く"
17. きいた
Type "〜く"
18. みた
This is an exception.
Not "みった"
Interrogative form👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/21/065726
The usage of complete and past form👇
https://oyenkushi.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2019/01/31/062722
