#34 Japanese Verbs. Negative form.~ More and more detail~
2019. 1. 20
Hi everyone.
How's it going?
It's kÜshi.
Thank you for coming here.
Japanese verbs have very confusing changes, and
that is one of the most tough grammars of
Japanese.
So I've been spending time to organize Japanese
verbs recently, so please wait a week to study
Japanese culture here.
So today, I explain about two forms: negative form
and in detail as much as I can.
I hope you like this.
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Negative form ~ I don't do that ~
You can make the negative form with two steps.
1. Changing the end vowel of verbs to "a", "e", and sometimes "i"
2. Putting ない after that
No.2 looks very easy and it really is.
But No.1 is a little troublesome because it has three
types. So i explain about No.1 in detail.
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The most often used one is type "a".
For example,
・書く
/ka-ku/
...to write
→書かない
/ka-kA nai/
...not to write
See, the end vowel of the verb is changed to "a"
from "u", and then ない is put after that.
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If you find "e" in second vowel from the end.
I can see through your brain fulled of "?"
So for example,
・捨てる
/su-tEru/
...to throw away
You can find "e" in the second vowel from the end, right?
When you make this kind of verbs be negative, you
just remove る and put ない after that.
That's very simple.
For example,
・捨てる
/su-tEru/
...to throw away
→捨てない
/su-tE nai/
...not to throw away
・食べる
/ta-bEru/
...to eat
→食べない
/ta-bE nai/
...not to eat
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Finally, type "i".
All verbs you should know are only four:
する/suru/...to do
見る/mi-ru/...to see
着る/ki-ru/...to wear
閉じる/to-jiru/...to close
The first two verbs must be remember because we
often use them.
When you make them be negative, you remove る
and change the vowel at the end to "i"
Like this:
する
/suru/
...to do
→しない
/shi nai/
See, you first remove る like す/su/, and then
change the vowel at the end to "i" like し/si/.
And put ない after that like しない.
This is the negative form of する, which means ''not
to do"
Othes:
・見る
/mi-ru/
...to see
→見ない
/mi-nai/
...not to see
・着る
/ki-ru/
...to wear
→着ない
/ki-nai/
...not to wear
・閉じる
/to-jiru/
...to close
→閉じない
/to-ji nai/
...not to close
Be careful when you find these four verbs.
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Oops, I have one strong exception!!
That is 来る/ku-ru/, which mean "to come"
Its negative form is 来ない/kO-nai/
I'm afraid there's no rule or reason.
So just remember that.
That's all today.
Thank you so much for reading.
Ask me if you have any questions.
I hope this helps you.
Exercises:
Make them be negative:
1. 書く
/ka-ku/
...to write
2. 飲む
/no-mu/
...to drink
3. やめる
/yameru/
...to stop, to give up
4. 作る
/tsuku-ru/
...to make
5. 見る
/mi-ru/
...to see
6. 勉強する
/ben-kyou suru/
...to study
7. 寝る
/ne-ru/
...to sleep
~ Answers ~
1. 書かない
/ka-ka nai/
This is type "a"
You just change the last vowel to "a", ok?
2. 飲まない
/no-ma nai/
This is type "a"
3. やめない
/yame nai/
This is type "e" because the second vowel from the
end is "e", right?
4. 作らない
/tsuku-ra nai/
This is type "a"
5. 見ない
/mi-nai/
Did you remember that?
This is type "i"
6. 勉強しない
/ben-kyou shi nai/
This is a little different.
勉強する can be divided into two parts: 勉強 and
する.
勉強 means "studying" and する means "to do".
So 勉強する means like "to do studying" and it
means "to study".
Japanese has this kind of verbs much.
感謝する
/kan-sha suru/
…to thank
運転する
/un-ten suru/
...to drive
反撃する
/han-geki suru/
...to protest
無視する
/mu-shi suru/
...to ignore
When you make them be negative, you just change
する to しない.
Did you remember that する is type "i"
7. 寝ない
/ne-nai/
This is type "e"
Thank you ~
