#13 What does 持つ mean? ~ Japanese kanji and about Japan~

2018. 12. 26

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So today's word is 持つ

Reads: mo-tsu
Means: to have (with one's hand), to hold
How to write 持👇
https://kakijun.jp/page-ms/0991200.html

持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持持

Example sentence:

・When you eat something with a bowl, you should hold it in your hand.

...お椀 で 何か を 食べる とき、手 に 持た
なければ いけない

/o-wan de nani-ka o ta-beru toki, te ni mo-ta nakereba ikenai/

Did yiu know that?!

In many countries except Japan, people don't hold bowls in their hands, Google says so.

But if you don't do that in Japan when you eat, people wouldn't think that you have good manners.

So keep it in your mind when you come to Japan.

So I explain about the grammars used in the sentence.

It's a little confusing today, especially なければ　　いけない.

I'll explain as easy as possible.

👉お椀(o-wan)

This means a bowl.　

How to write 椀👇
https://kakijun.jp/page-ms/wan12200.html

👉お椀で(o-wan de)

で means like "with" and "by"

For example,

・紙で作る…to make with paper
→紙(kami)... paper
→作る(tsuku-ru)...to make

・バスで行く...to go by bus
→バス(bas)...bus
→行く(i-ku)...to go

So お椀で means "with a bowl"

That's simple.

👉何か(nani-ka)

This means "something"

How to write 何👇
https://kakijun.jp/m-e/nani200.shtml

👉食べる(ta-beru)

This means "to eat"

How to write 食👇
https://kakijun.jp/page-ms/09208200.html

So 何かを食べる means "to eat something"

👉何かを食べる とき(nani-ka o ta-beru toki)

とき means like "when~ , "

So 何かを食べるとき means "when you eat something"

👉手(te)

This means "a hand"

👉手に(te ni)

に means like "in ~" and "into"

For example,

・タクシーに乗る…to ride in a taxi
→タクシー...taxi
→乗る(no-ru)...to ride

・りんごにかぶりつく…to bite into an apple
→りんご(ringo)...an apple
→かぶりつく(kabritsku)...to bite

So 手に means "in a hand"

👉持たなければいけない(mo-ta nakereba ikenai)

This means "you should hold"

The phrase is made from, of course, 持つ.

It changes like this:

(ⅰ)持つ

👇

(ⅱ)持たない

👇

(ⅲ)持たなければ

👇

(ⅳ)持たなければいけない

I explain each.

(ⅰ)持つ(mo-tsu)

This means "to have" and "to hold".

(ⅱ)持たない(mo-ta nai)

This is a negative form of 持つ.

If you put ない after verbs, you can make a negative form.

For example,

食べる(ta-beru)...to eat
食べない(ta-be NAI)...not to eat

話す(hana-su)...to talk
話さない(hanasa-NAI)...not to talk

作る(tsuk-ru)...to make
作らない(tsuk-ra NAI)...not to make

見る(mi-ru)...to see
見ない(mi-NAI)...not to see

読む(yo-mu)...to read
読まない(yo-ma NAI)...not to read

書く(ka-ku)...to write
書かない(ka-ka NAI)...not to write

So 持たない (mo-ta NAI) means "not to have"

(ⅲ)持たなければ(mo-ta NAkereba)

This means "if you don't have"

If you put "nakereba" after verbs, you can make this form.

By the way, the word "な" is from 持た'な'い

For example,

・食べない(ta-be nai)
...not to eat

→食べなければ(ta-be nakereba)
...if you don't eat

・話さない(hana-sa nai)
...to not talk

→話さなければ(hana-sa nakereba)
...if you don't talk

・作らない(tsuku-ra nai)
...not to make

→作らなければ(tsuku-ra nakereba)
...if you don't make

・見ない(mi-nai)
...not to see

→見なければ(mi-nakereba)
...if you don't see

・読まない(yo-ma nai)
...to read

→読まなければ(yo-ma nakereba)
...if you don't read

・書かない(ka-ka nai)
...not to write

→書かなければ(ka-ka nakereba)
...if you don't write

So 持たなければ(mo-ta nakereba) means "if you don't have"

(ⅳ)持たなければ いけない(mo-ta nakereba ikenai)

いけない means like "not good"

So それ は いけない(sore wa ikenai) means "it's not good"

And 食べなければいけない, this means "if you don't eat, it's not good", so it means like "you should eat"

That's simple!

For example:

・話さなければ(hana-sa nakereba)
...if you don't talk

→話さなければいけない(hana-sa nakereba ikenai)
...you should talk

・作らなければ(tsuku-ra nakereba)
...if you don't make

→作らなければいけない(tsuku-ra nakereba ikenai)
...you should make

・見なければ(mi-nakereba)
...if you don't see

→見なければいけない(mi-nakereba ikenai)
...you should see

・読まなければ(yo-ma nakereba)
...if you don't read

→読まなければいけない(yo-ma nakereba ikenai)
...you should read

・書かなければ(ka-ka nakereba)
...if you don't write

→書かなければいけない(ka-ka nakereba ikenai)
...you should write

So 持たなければいけない(mo-ta nakereba ikenai), this means "you should have"

That's all explanations!!

Now you can translate the sentence!

お椀で何かを食べるとき、手に持たなければいけない

this means

"If you eat something with a bowl, you should hold it in your hand"

So that's all today.

Thank you so much for reading!!!

I hope this helps you a lot.

Ask me if you have any questions.

See you next time~!